After the signing process, de-sizing happens as a part of the wet processing or pre-dyeing procedure. To make the yarn more resilient to the tension and stress of the loom, size paste is applied throughout the weaving process. For uniform dyeing and finishing in later processing, the size is removed from the gray fabric during the desizing process. If the same size paste remains on the gray fabric, dying the cloth would be exceedingly difficult.
Multiple types of desizing techniques
The most common approaches to resizing are as follows:
- Desizing starch enzymes for cotton fabrics
- Sizing down by oxidation
- Dehydrating Acids
- Removing Particles That Dissolve In Water
- Alkaline desizing
Reduction of Size through Enzymatic Processes
The use of enzymes to reduce particle size has grown in recent years. In order to get rid of the starch from the fabric, enzymes are used. Among its many advantages is that starch is broken down with a minimum of enzymes, sparing the cellulose fiber in the process. However, if the temperature is 80 degrees Celsius, for instance, or the pH is not correctly maintained, the enzyme will not function properly. There is also a decrease in the enzyme’s effectiveness.
Oxidative desizing
Oxidative desizing poses a serious threat to cellulose fibers and is thus seldom used for the purpose. Common oxidizing agents used in oxidative desizing include potassium or sodium persulfate and sodium bromide. This desizing method is preferable since the starch is effectively removed and the fabric is washed. The use of hazardous chemicals increases the fabric’s susceptibility to stains and accelerates the degradation of the cellulose fibers it is made from.
Desizing by Acid
One of the most common methods for eliminating size from textiles is acid desizing. In this process, hydrochloric acid (HCl) or diluted sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is often utilized to hydrolyze the size material. Two to three applications of an acid solution of 0.25 to 0.5% are used, followed by 8 to 12 hours of curing at 40 to 60 degrees Celsius. The water-washing process subsequently removes the sizing substance from the fabric. This strategy has been quite fruitful, thus it is used often. In addition, there is no need to adjust the pH of the solution since the process may be performed at room temperature to get a consistent desizing.
Acidic desizing
In this process, the size substance on the fabric is removed using alkaline hydrolysis. Storage in a 0.4% to 0.6% sodium hydroxide solution at 60 to 70 degrees Celsius for 8 to 10 hours is standard practice. The sizing materials may be removed from the fabric by washing it in water. When desizing fabric, it is important to take precautions to prevent the fabric from drying out. It’s common since it’s cheap and effective.
Alkaline desizing
This method has been used for years and is tried and true. There are no chemicals used in this method to complete the desizing operation. In this case, it’s common practice to soak the materials in water at a temperature between 40 and 60 degrees Celsius. Additionally, the present component in the fabric breaks down in a matter of 12-24 hours. As a last step, water is used to remove the sizing substance. The use of chemical substances or enzymes is unnecessary, therefore no fiber is destroyed in the process.
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